Dear Otto,
thanks for the reply, then my diagnosis was wrong.
For whatever reason the db_version returns "4.0.27",
mysql_get_server_info() returns "4.0.27-5.0.51_InodeWebhosting" and
mysqli_get_server_info() returns an error as it requires one parameter (no idea, sorry).
Before I have sent this post yesterday, I got through the first step of the upgrade by setting $mysql_compat = true in any case in the upgrade script but when starting wordpress database update it runs into a similar error: "ERROR: WordPress 4.0 requires MySQL 5.0 or higher", so my workaround does not work around.
Thanks,
Oliver