Regarding:
A - For best results copy the SALT values from live to local, best practice is to not let the site know it has moved unless you have to.
B - the theme selection, and plugin activation is recorded in the database, copy the themes and plugins from live server.
C - Are the Norwegian language files installed ?
Is the TABLE PREFIX the same on live site and local ? If not then set the local site prefix to that from the live site.
Have you copied the images and uploads from live site ?