For what it is worth, other thing I noticed, you dumped --all-databases ... then imported and installed same. I probably would have dumped only prod_db and continued same from there.
I'm probably not so sophisticated as you with SQL, it seems to me you only need to work with the one database as opposed to the "whole environment".
Also I never use root in wp-config.php, I create another user and grant all ... then later if I want I can create a totally separate second wordpress and use a separate third user.
Perhaps this part complicates the scenario beyond my understanding. anyway I found this: http://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/how-to-create-staging-environment-for-a-wordpress-site/First, I cloned WP project from its bitbucket repository.
Good Luck
